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On 4 August 1974, the station was once again renamed to Charing Cross Embankment.[3] Then, on 12 September 1976, it became Embankment,[3] so that the merged Strand and Trafalgar Square stations could be named Charing Cross.[12]
The project involved building out on to the foreshore of the Thames, narrowing the river. The construction work required the purchase and demolition of much expensive riverside property. The cut and cover tunnel for the Metropolitan District Railway was built within the Embankment and roofed over to take the roadway. At ground level, in addition to the new roads, two handsome public gardens were laid out. One of these backs onto the government buildings of Whitehall, and the other stretches from Hungerford Bridge to Waterloo Bridge. The gardens contain many statues, including a monument to Bazalgette. The section of the gardens between Waterloo Bridge and Charing Cross railway station also includes a large bandstand, where many musical performances are given, and the 1626 watergate of the former York House built for the Duke of Buckingham.
The railway station opened in 1864, fronted on the Strand with the Charing Cross Hotel. In 1865, a replacement cross was commissioned from E. M. Barry by the South Eastern Railway as the centrepiece of the forecourt of the hotel; about 160 feet (49 m) east of the original site. It is not a replica, being of an ornate Victorian Gothic design based on George Gilbert Scott's Oxford Martyrs' Memorial (1838). The Cross rises 70 feet (21 m) in three main stages on an octagonal plan, surmounted by a spire and cross. The shields in the panels of the first stage are copied from the Eleanor Crosses and bear the arms of England, Castile, Leon and Ponthieu; above the 2nd parapet are 8 statues of Queen Eleanor. The Cross was designated a Grade II* monument on 5 February 1970.[15] The month before, the bronze equestrian statue of Charles, on a pedestal of carved Portland stone was given Grade I listed protection.[16]
The gherkin name dates back to at least 1999, referring to that plan's highly unorthodox layout and appearance.[12] Due to the current building's somewhat phallic appearance, other inventive names have also been used for the building, including the Erotic gherkin, the Towering Innuendo, and the Crystal Phallus (also a pun on Crystal Palace).[6][13][14]
Information by Wikipedia.com
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